Grafana + Prometheus — Dashboards de Monitoramento

Versão testada

Grafana OSS 10.x + Prometheus 2.x no Ubuntu Server 22.04 LTS.

Grafana + Prometheus é a stack de observabilidade mais moderna para infraestrutura. Prometheus coleta métricas; Grafana visualiza com dashboards.

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Instalação do Prometheus

# Criar usuário de sistema
useradd --no-create-home --shell /bin/false prometheus

# Baixar e instalar
cd /tmp
wget https://github.com/prometheus/prometheus/releases/download/v2.47.0/prometheus-2.47.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xvf prometheus-2.47.0.linux-amd64.tar.gz

cp prometheus-2.47.0.linux-amd64/prometheus /usr/local/bin/
cp prometheus-2.47.0.linux-amd64/promtool   /usr/local/bin/

mkdir -p /etc/prometheus /var/lib/prometheus
cp -r prometheus-2.47.0.linux-amd64/consoles          /etc/prometheus/
cp -r prometheus-2.47.0.linux-amd64/console_libraries /etc/prometheus/

chown -R prometheus:prometheus /etc/prometheus /var/lib/prometheus

Configurar Prometheus

# /etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml
global:
  scrape_interval: 15s
  evaluation_interval: 15s

scrape_configs:
  - job_name: 'prometheus'
    static_configs:
      - targets: ['localhost:9090']

  - job_name: 'node'
    static_configs:
      - targets:
          - '192.168.1.10:9100'   # servidor-01
          - '192.168.1.11:9100'   # servidor-02

Criar serviço systemd

cat > /etc/systemd/system/prometheus.service << 'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=Prometheus
After=network.target

[Service]
User=prometheus
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/prometheus \
  --config.file=/etc/prometheus/prometheus.yml \
  --storage.tsdb.path=/var/lib/prometheus \
  --storage.tsdb.retention.time=30d \
  --web.listen-address=0.0.0.0:9090
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now prometheus

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Node Exporter (métricas de servidores Linux)

# Instalar em cada servidor monitorado
cd /tmp
wget https://github.com/prometheus/node_exporter/releases/download/v1.6.1/node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
tar xvf node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64.tar.gz
cp node_exporter-1.6.1.linux-amd64/node_exporter /usr/local/bin/

useradd --no-create-home --shell /bin/false node_exporter

cat > /etc/systemd/system/node_exporter.service << 'EOF'
[Unit]
Description=Node Exporter
After=network.target

[Service]
User=node_exporter
ExecStart=/usr/local/bin/node_exporter
Restart=always

[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.target
EOF

systemctl daemon-reload
systemctl enable --now node_exporter

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SNMP Exporter (métricas de equipamentos de rede)

# Instalar snmp_exporter para monitorar roteadores/switches via SNMP
apt install -y snmp-exporter   # ou baixar binário do GitHub

# Coletar métricas de equipamentos Huawei, MikroTik, Cisco
# Adicionar no prometheus.yml:

  - job_name: 'snmp'
    static_configs:
      - targets:
          - 192.168.1.1   # roteador
          - 192.168.1.2   # switch
    metrics_path: /snmp
    params:
      module: [if_mib]
    relabel_configs:
      - source_labels: [__address__]
        target_label: __param_target
      - source_labels: [__param_target]
        target_label: instance
      - target_label: __address__
        replacement: 127.0.0.1:9116   # endereço do snmp_exporter

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Instalação do Grafana

apt install -y apt-transport-https software-properties-common

wget -q -O /usr/share/keyrings/grafana.key https://apt.grafana.com/gpg.key

echo "deb [signed-by=/usr/share/keyrings/grafana.key] https://apt.grafana.com stable main" \
  | tee /etc/apt/sources.list.d/grafana.list

apt update && apt install -y grafana

systemctl enable --now grafana-server

Acessar: http://IP_DO_SERVIDOR:3000

• Usuário: admin
• Senha: admin (trocar no primeiro acesso)

Adicionar Prometheus como Data Source

1. Configuration → Data Sources → Add data source
2. Selecionar Prometheus
3. URL: http://localhost:9090
4. Clicar em Save & Test

Importar dashboards prontos

Dashboard ID	Descrição
1860	Node Exporter Full (CPU, RAM, disco, rede)
9821	MikroTik — RouterOS SNMP
12356	SNMP Interface Traffic
13659	Huawei SNMP

Em Dashboards → Import, inserir o ID e selecionar o data source Prometheus.

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Alertas no Grafana

# Exemplo de alerta para CPU > 90% por 5 minutos
# Em Alerting → Alert rules → New alert rule
# Condição:
# avg(rate(node_cpu_seconds_total{mode!="idle"}[5m])) by (instance) > 0.9

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Problemas Comuns

# Prometheus não coleta de um target
# Verificar em http://localhost:9090/targets

# Testar manualmente
curl http://192.168.1.10:9100/metrics | head -30

# Ver log do Prometheus
journalctl -u prometheus -f

# Ver log do Grafana
journalctl -u grafana-server -f

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Veja Também

• Zabbix
• SNMP — Roteador Huawei
• SNMP — Switch Huawei